Neural adaptations to strength training: Moving beyond transcranial magnetic stimulation and reflex studies
Identifieur interne : 000076 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000075; suivant : 000077Neural adaptations to strength training: Moving beyond transcranial magnetic stimulation and reflex studies
Auteurs : T. J. Carroll [Australie] ; V. S. Selvanayagam [Australie, Malaisie] ; S. Riek [Australie] ; J. G. Semmler [Australie]Source :
- Acta Physiologica [ 1748-1708 ] ; 2011-06.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Abductor, Acta, Acta physiol, Action potentials, Activation, Active motor units, Adaptation, Afferent, Afferent volley, Agonist, Antagonist muscles, Appl, Appl physiol, Authors acta physiologica, Axon, Axonal, Axonal excitability, Balso cafarelli, Beck, Brain activation, Bres, Burke gandevia, Cafarelli, Christie kamen, Clin, Clin neurophysiol, Coherence, Conceptual questions, Conscious humans, Contraction, Correlated, Correlated motor unit activity, Cortex, Cortical, Cortical changes, Cortical circuits, Cortical excitability, Corticospinal, Corticospinal adaptations, Corticospinal cells, Corticospinal excitability, Corticospinal responsiveness, Disynaptic, Dorsal interosseous muscle, Double discharges, Electrical stimulation, Electrode, Electromyogr, Electromyogr kinesiol, Enoka, Excitability, Exors, Exors plantar, Extensor, Fimland, Fmri, Force development, Force levels, Gandevia, Hand muscle, Hand muscles, High forces, Human motor cortex, Human motor units, Inconsistent results, Isometric, Isometric contractions, Kamen, Lazzaro, Lower limb muscles, Magnetic stimulation, Maximal, Maximal contractions, Maximal motor unit discharge rates, Meps, Monosynaptic, Motoneuron, Motoneuronal, Motor cortex, Motor unit, Motor unit activity, Motor unit discharge, Motor unit discharge rate, Motor unit discharge rate variability, Motor unit potentials, Motor unit synchronization, Motor units, Muscle contractions, Muscle nerve, Muscle strength, Neural, Neural adaptation, Neural adaptations, Neural control, Neural responses, Neuromuscular, Neurophysiol, Neurophysiological methods, Neurosci, Neurosci methods, Nger, Nielsen, Older adults, Pathway, Physiol, Physiologica, Plantar, Plasticity, Primary motor cortex, Protocol, Resistance training, Responsiveness, Ring rate, Ring rates, Rothwell, Rtms, Rtms protocols, Same motor unit, Scandinavian, Semmler, Single motor unit, Single motor unit activity, Single motor units, Soleus, Spinal, Spinal circuits, Spinal cord, Sports exerc, Steadiness, Stimulation, Stimulus intensity, Strength gains, Strength training, Strength training studies, Submaximal, Supramaximal, Supraspinal, Synapse, Synaptic, Synaptic plasticity, Synaptic transmission, Synchronization, Synergist, Synergist muscles, Time course, Training intervention, Training task, Transcranial, Twitch, Twitch interpolation, Variability, Voluntary activation, Voluntary contraction, Voluntary contractions, Ziemann.
Abstract
It has long been believed that training for increased strength not only affects muscle tissue, but also results in adaptive changes in the central nervous system. However, only in the last 10 years has the use of methods to study the neurophysiological details of putative neural adaptations to training become widespread. There are now many published reports that have used single motor unit recordings, electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, and non‐invasive stimulation of the human brain [i.e. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)] to study neural responses to strength training. In this review, we aim to summarize what has been learned from single motor unit, reflex and TMS studies, and identify the most promising avenues to advance our conceptual understanding with these methods. We also consider the few strength training studies that have employed alternative neurophysiological techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography. The nature of the information that these techniques can provide, as well as their major technical and conceptual pitfalls, are briefly described. The overall conclusion of the review is that the current evidence regarding neural adaptations to strength training is inconsistent and incomplete. In order to move forward in our understanding, it will be necessary to design studies that are based on a rigorous consideration of the limitations of the available techniques, and that are specifically targeted to address important conceptual questions.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02271.x
Affiliations:
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changes</term><term>Cortical circuits</term><term>Cortical excitability</term><term>Corticospinal</term><term>Corticospinal adaptations</term><term>Corticospinal cells</term><term>Corticospinal excitability</term><term>Corticospinal responsiveness</term><term>Disynaptic</term><term>Dorsal interosseous muscle</term><term>Double discharges</term><term>Electrical stimulation</term><term>Electrode</term><term>Electromyogr</term><term>Electromyogr kinesiol</term><term>Enoka</term><term>Excitability</term><term>Exors</term><term>Exors plantar</term><term>Extensor</term><term>Fimland</term><term>Fmri</term><term>Force development</term><term>Force levels</term><term>Gandevia</term><term>Hand muscle</term><term>Hand muscles</term><term>High forces</term><term>Human motor cortex</term><term>Human motor units</term><term>Inconsistent results</term><term>Isometric</term><term>Isometric contractions</term><term>Kamen</term><term>Lazzaro</term><term>Lower limb muscles</term><term>Magnetic stimulation</term><term>Maximal</term><term>Maximal contractions</term><term>Maximal motor unit discharge rates</term><term>Meps</term><term>Monosynaptic</term><term>Motoneuron</term><term>Motoneuronal</term><term>Motor cortex</term><term>Motor unit</term><term>Motor unit activity</term><term>Motor unit discharge</term><term>Motor unit discharge rate</term><term>Motor unit discharge rate variability</term><term>Motor unit potentials</term><term>Motor unit synchronization</term><term>Motor units</term><term>Muscle contractions</term><term>Muscle nerve</term><term>Muscle strength</term><term>Neural</term><term>Neural adaptation</term><term>Neural adaptations</term><term>Neural control</term><term>Neural responses</term><term>Neuromuscular</term><term>Neurophysiol</term><term>Neurophysiological methods</term><term>Neurosci</term><term>Neurosci methods</term><term>Nger</term><term>Nielsen</term><term>Older 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transmission</term><term>Synchronization</term><term>Synergist</term><term>Synergist muscles</term><term>Time course</term><term>Training intervention</term><term>Training task</term><term>Transcranial</term><term>Twitch</term><term>Twitch interpolation</term><term>Variability</term><term>Voluntary activation</term><term>Voluntary contraction</term><term>Voluntary contractions</term><term>Ziemann</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">It has long been believed that training for increased strength not only affects muscle tissue, but also results in adaptive changes in the central nervous system. However, only in the last 10 years has the use of methods to study the neurophysiological details of putative neural adaptations to training become widespread. There are now many published reports that have used single motor unit recordings, electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, and non‐invasive stimulation of the human brain [i.e. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)] to study neural responses to strength training. In this review, we aim to summarize what has been learned from single motor unit, reflex and TMS studies, and identify the most promising avenues to advance our conceptual understanding with these methods. We also consider the few strength training studies that have employed alternative neurophysiological techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography. The nature of the information that these techniques can provide, as well as their major technical and conceptual pitfalls, are briefly described. The overall conclusion of the review is that the current evidence regarding neural adaptations to strength training is inconsistent and incomplete. In order to move forward in our understanding, it will be necessary to design studies that are based on a rigorous consideration of the limitations of the available techniques, and that are specifically targeted to address important conceptual questions.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Malaisie</li></country></list><tree><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Carroll, T J" sort="Carroll, T J" uniqKey="Carroll T" first="T. J." last="Carroll">T. J. Carroll</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Riek, S" sort="Riek, S" uniqKey="Riek S" first="S." last="Riek">S. Riek</name><name sortKey="Selvanayagam, V S" sort="Selvanayagam, V S" uniqKey="Selvanayagam V" first="V. S." last="Selvanayagam">V. S. Selvanayagam</name><name sortKey="Semmler, J G" sort="Semmler, J G" uniqKey="Semmler J" first="J. G." last="Semmler">J. G. Semmler</name></country><country name="Malaisie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Selvanayagam, V S" sort="Selvanayagam, V S" uniqKey="Selvanayagam V" first="V. S." last="Selvanayagam">V. S. Selvanayagam</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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